INDEX

Abolition, 318, 331

Adams, Abigail, 556

Adams, John, 97, 128, 179f.

Adams, J.Q., 247, 319

Adams, Samuel, 90, 99, 108

Adamson law, 590

Aguinaldo, 497

Alabama, admission, 227

Alabama claims, 480

Alamance, battle, 92

Alamo, 280

Alaska, purchase, 479

Albany, plan of union, 62

Algonquins, 57

Alien law, 180

Amendment, method of, 156

Amendments to federal Constitution: first eleven, 163
twelfth, 184 note
thirteenth, 358
fourteenth, 366, 369, 387
fifteenth, 358
sixteenth, 528
seventeenth, 542
eighteenth, 591
nineteenth, 563f.

American expeditionary force, 610

American Federation of Labor, 573, 608

Americanization, 585

Amnesty, for Confederates, 383

Andros, 65

Annapolis, convention, 144

Antietam, 357

Anti-Federalists, 169

Anti-slavery. See Abolition

Anthony, Susan, 564

Appomattox, 363

Arbitration: international, 480 514, 617
labor disputes, 582

Arizona, admission, 443

Arkansas, admission, 272

Arnold, Benedict, 114, 120

Articles of Confederation, 110, 139ff., 146

Ashburton, treaty, 265

Assembly, colonial, 49f., 89f.

Assumption, 164f.

Atlanta, 361

Australian ballot, 540


Bacon, Nathaniel, 58

Ballot: Australian, 540
short, 544

Baltimore, Lord, 6

Bank: first U.S., 167
second, 203, 257ff.

Banking system: state, 300
U.S. national, 369
services of, 407
See also Federal reserve

Barry, John, 118

Bastille, 172

Bell, John, 341

Belleau Wood, 611

Berlin decree, 194

Blockade: by England and France, 193f.
Southern ports, 353
law and practice in 1914, 598f.

Bond servants, 13f.

Boone, Daniel, 28, 218

Boston: massacre, 91
evacuation, 116
port bill, 94

Bowdoin, Governor, 142

Boxer rebellion, 499

Brandywine, 129

Breckinridge, J.C., 340

Bright, John, 355

Brown, John, 338

Brown University, 45

Bryan, W.J., 468f., 495, 502, 503, 527

Buchanan, James, 335, 368

Budget system, 529

Bull Run, 350

Bunker Hill, 102

Burgoyne, General, 116, 118, 130

Burke, Edmund, 87, 96ff., 132, 175

Burr, Aaron, 183, 231

Business. See Industry


Calhoun, J.C., 198f., 203, 208, 281, 321, 328

California, 286f.

Canada, 61, 114, 530

Canals, 233, 298, 508

Canning, British premier, 206

Cannon, J.G., 530

Cantigny, 611

Caribbean, 479

Carpet baggers, 373

Cattle ranger, 431f.

Caucus, 245

Censorship. See Newspapers

Charles I, 3

Charles II, 65

Charleston, 36, 116

Charters, colonial, 2ff., 41

Chase, Justice, 187

Château-Thierry, 611

Checks and balances, 153

Chesapeake, the, 195

Chickamauga, 361

Child labor law, 591

China, 447, 499ff.

Chinese labor, 583

Churches, colonial, 39f., 42, 43

Cities, 35, 36, 300f., 395, 410, 544

City manager plan, 545

Civil liberty, 358f., 561

Civil service, 419, 536, 538f.

Clarendon, Lord, 6

Clark, G.R., 116, 218

Clay, Henry, 198, 203, 248, 261, 328

Clayton anti-trust act, 489

Clergy. See Churches

Cleveland, Grover, 421, 465, 482, 484, 489, 582

Clinton, Sir Henry, 119

Colorado, admission, 441

Combination. See Trusts

Commerce, colonial, 33f.
disorders after 1781, 140
Constitutional provisions on, 154
Napoleonic wars, 176, 193ff.
domestic growth of, 307
congressional regulation of, 460f., 547
See also Trusts and Railways

Commission government, 544

Committees of correspondence, 108

Commonsense, pamphlet, 103

Communism, colonial, 20.

Company, trading, 2f.

Compromises: of Constitution, 148, 150, 151
Missouri, 325, 332
of 1850, 328f.
Crittenden, 350

Conciliation, with England, 131

Concord, battle, 100

Confederacy, Southern, 346f.

Confederation: New England, 61.
See also Articles of

Congregation, religious, 4

Congress: stamp act, 85
continental, 99f.
under Articles, 139.
under Constitution, 152
powers of, 153

Connecticut: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
See also Suffrage, constitutions, state

Conservation, 523f.

Constitution: formation of, 143f.
See also Amendment

Constitution, the, 200

Constitutions, state, 109f., 238f., 385f.

Constitutional union party, 340

Contract labor law, 584

Convention: 1787, 144f.
nominating, 405

Convicts, colonial, 15

Conway Cabal, 120

Cornwallis, General, 116, 119, 131

Corporation and labor, 571 See also Trusts

Cotton. See Planting system

Cowboy, 431f.

Cowpens, battle, 116

Cox, J.M., 619

Crisis, The, pamphlet, 115

Crittenden Compromise, 350

Cuba, 485f., 518

Cumberland Gap, 223

Currency. See Banking


Danish West Indies, purchased, 593

Dartmouth College, 45

Daughters of liberty, 84

Davis, Jefferson, 346f.

Deane, Silas, 128

Debs, E.V., 465, 534

Debt, national, 164f.

Decatur, Commodore, 477

Declaration of Independence, 101f.

Defense, national, 154

De Kalb, 121

Delaware, 3, 49

De Lome affair, 490

Democratic party, name assumed, 260
See also Anti-Federalists

Dewey, Admiral, 492

Diplomacy: of the Revolution, 127f.
Civil War, 354

Domestic industry, 28

Donelson, Fort, 361

Dorr Rebellion, 243

Douglas, Stephen A., 333, 337, 368

Draft: Civil War, 351
World War, 605

Draft riots, 351

Dred Scott case, 335, 338

Drug act, 523

Duquesne, Fort, 60

Dutch, 3, 12


East India Company, 93

Education, 43f., 557, 591

Electors, popular election of, 245

Elkins law, 547

Emancipation, 357f.

Embargo acts, 186f.

England: Colonial policy of, 64f.
Revolutionary War, 99f.
Jay treaty, 177
War of 1812, 198f.
Monroe Doctrine, 206
Ashburton treaty, 265
Civil War, 354
Alabama claims, 480
Samoa, 481
Venezuela question, 482
Spanish War, 496
World War, 596f.

Erie Canal, 233

Esch-Cummins bill, 582

Espionage act, 607

Excess profits tax, 606

Executive, federal, plans for, 151

Expunging resolution, 260


Farm loan act, 589

Federal reserve act, 589

Federal trade commission, 590

Federalist, the, 158

Federalists, 168f., 201f.

Feudal elements in colonies, 21.

Filipino revolt. See Philippines

Fillmore, President, 485

Finances: colonial, 64
revolutionary, 125f.
disorders, 140
Civil War, 347, 352ff.
World War, 606
See also Banking

Fishing industry, 31

Fleet, world tour, 515

Florida, 134, 204

Foch, General, 611

Food and fuel law, 607

Force bills, 384ff., 375

Forests, national, 525f.

Fourteen points, 605

Fox, C.J., 132

France: colonization, 59f.
French and Indian War, 60f.
American Revolution, 116, 123, 128f.
French Revolution, 165f.
Quarrel with, 180
Napoleonic wars, 193f.
Louisiana purchase, 190
French Revolution of 1830, 266
Civil War, 354
Mexican affair, 478
World War, 596f.

Franchises, utility, 548

Franklin, Benjamin, 45, 62, 82, 86, 128, 134

Freedmen. See Negro

Freehold. See Land

Free-soil party, 319

Frémont, J.C., 288, 334

French. See France

Friends, the, 5

Frontier. See Land

Fugitive slave act, 329

Fulton, Robert, 231, 234

Fundamental articles, 5

Fundamental orders, 5


Gage, General, 95, 100

Garfield, President, 416

Garrison, William Lloyd, 318

Gaspee, the, 92

Gates, General, 116, 120, 131

Genêt, 177

George I, 66

George II, 4, 66, 82

George III, 77f.

Georgia: founded, 4
royal province, 49
state constitution, 109
See also Secession

Germans: colonial immigration, 9ff.
in Revolutionary War, 102f.
later immigration, 303

Germany: Samoa, 481
Venezuela affair, 512
World War, 596

Gerry, Elbridge, 148

Gettysburg, 362

Gibbon, Edward, 133

Gold: discovery, 288
standard, 466, 472

Gompers, Samuel, 573, 608

Governor, royal, 49f.

Grandfather clause, 386.

Grangers, 460f.

Grant, General, 361, 416, 480, 487

Great Britain. See England

Greeley, Horace, 420

Greenbacks, 454f.

Greenbackers, 462f.

Greene, General, 117, 120

Grenville, 79f.

Guilford, battle, 117


Habeas corpus, 358

Hague conferences, 514

Haiti, 593

Hamilton, Alexander, 95, 143, 158, 162, 168f., 231

Harding, W.G., 389, 619

Harlem Heights, battle, 114

Harper’s Ferry, 339

Harrison, Benjamin, 422, 484

Harrison, W.H., 198, 263f.

Hartford convention, 201f., 238

Harvard, 44

Hawaii, 484.

Hay, John, 477, 500ff.

Hayne, Robert, 256

Hays, President, 416.

Henry, Patrick, 85

Hepburn act, 523

Hill, James J., 429

Holland, 130

Holy Alliance, 205

Homestead act, 368, 432

Hooker, Thomas, 5

Houston, Sam, 279f.

Howe, General, 118

Hughes, Charles E., 602

Huguenots, 10

Hume, David, 132

Hutchinson, Anne, 5


Idaho, admission, 442

Income tax, 459, 466, 528, 588, 606

Inheritance tax, 606

Illinois, admission, 226

Illiteracy, 585

Immigration: colonial, 1-17
before Civil War, 302, 367
after Civil War, 410f.
problems of, 582f.

Imperialism, 494f., 498., 502f.

Implied powers, 212

Impressment of seamen, 194

Indentured servants, 13.

Independence, Declaration of, 107

Indiana, admission, 226

Indians, 57f., 81, 431

Industry: colonial, 28f.
growth of, 296f.
during Civil War, 366
after 1865, 390f., 401f., 436f., 559
See also Trusts

Initiative, the, 543

Injunction, 465, 580

Internal improvements, 260, 368

Interstate commerce act, 461, 529

Intolerable acts, 93

Invisible government, 537

Iowa, admission, 275

Irish, 11, 302

Iron. See Industry

Irrigation, 434f., 523f.


Jackson, Andrew, 201, 204, 246, 280

Jacobins, 174

James I, 3

James II, 65

Jamestown, 3, 21

Japan, relations with, 447, 511, 583

Jay, John, 128, 158, 177

Jefferson, Thomas: Declaration of Independence, 107
Secretary of State, 162f.
political leader, 169
as President, 183f.
Monroe Doctrine, 206, 231

Jews, migration of, 11

Johnson, Andrew, 365, 368, 371.

Johnson, Samuel, 132

Joliet, 59

Jones, John Paul, 118

Judiciary: British system, 67
federal, 152


Kansas, admission, 441

Kansas-Nebraska bill, 333

Kentucky: admission, 224
Resolutions, 182

King George’s War, 59

King Philip’s War, 57

King William’s War, 59

King’s College (Columbia), 45

Knights of Labor, 575f.

Kosciusko, 121

Ku Klux Klan, 382


Labor: rise of organized, 304
parties, 462f.
question, 521
American Federation, 573f.
legislation, 590
World War, 608f.

Lafayette, 121

La Follette, Senator, 531

Land: tenure20f.
sales restricted, 80
Western survey, 219
federal sales policy, 220
Western tenure, 228
disappearance of free, 445
new problems, 449
See also Homestead act

La Salle, 59

Lawrence, Captain, 200

League of Nations, 616f.

Le Bœuf, Fort, 59

Lee, General Charles, 131

Lee, R.E., 357

Lewis and Clark expedition, 193

Lexington, battle, 100

Liberal Republicans, 420

Liberty loan, 606

Lincoln: Mexican War, 282
Douglas debates, 336.
election, 341
Civil War, 344f.
reconstruction, 371

Literacy test, 585

Livingston, R.R., 191

Locke, John, 95

London Company, 3

Long Island, battle, 114

Lords of trade, 67f.

Louis XVI, 171f.

Louisiana: ceded to Spain, 61
purchase, 190f.
admission, 227

Loyalists, See Tories

Lusitania, the, 601f.


McClellan, General, 362, 365

McCulloch vs. Maryland, 211

McKinley, William, 422, 467ff., 489f.

Macaulay, Catherine, 132

Madison, James, 158, 197ff.

Maine, 325

Maine, the, 490

Manila Bay, battle, 492

Manors, colonial, 22

Manufactures, See Industry

Marbury vs. Madison, 209

Marietta, 220

Marion, Francis, 117, 120

Marquette, 59

Marshall, John, 208f.

Martineau, Harriet, 267

Maryland, founded, 6, 49, 109, 239, 242

Massachusetts: founded, 3ff.
See also Immigration, Royal province, Industry, Revolutionary War, Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Commerce, and Industry

Massachusetts Bay Company, 3
founded, 3ff.
See also Immigration, Royal province

Mayflower compact, 4

Mercantile theory, 69

Merchants. See Commerce

Merrimac, the, 353

Meuse-Argonne, battle, 612

Mexico: and Texas, 278f.
later relations, 594.

Michigan, admission, 273

Midnight appointees, 187

Milan Decree, 194

Militia, Revolutionary War, 122

Minimum wages, 551

Minnesota, admission, 275

Mississippi River, and West, 189.

Missouri Compromise, 207, 227, 271, 325, 332

Molasses act, 71

Money, paper, 80, 126, 155, 369

Monitor, the, 353

Monroe, James, 204f., 191

Monroe Doctrine, 205, 512

Montana, admission, 442

Montgomery, General, 114

Morris, Robert, 127

Mothers’ pensions, 551

Mohawks, 57

Muckraking, 536.

Mugwumps, 420

Municipal ownership, 549


Napoleon I, 190

Napoleon III: Civil War, 354.
Mexico, 477

National Labor Union, 574

National road, 232

Nationalism, colonial, 56f.

Natural rights, 95

Navigation acts, 69

Navy: in Revolution, 188
War of 1812, 195
Civil War, 353
World War, 610
See also Sea Power

Nebraska, admission, 441

Negro: Civil rights, 370f.
in agriculture, 393f.
status of, 396ff.
See also Slavery

New England: colonial times, 6ff., 35, 40ff.
See also Industry, Suffrage, Commerce, and Wars

New Hampshire: founded, 4ff.
See also Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

New Jersey, founded, 6
See also Immigration, Royal province, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

Newlands, Senator, 524

New Mexico, admission, 443

New Orleans, 59, 190
battle, 201

Newspapers, colonial, 46f.

New York: founded by Dutch, 3
transferred to English, 49
See also Dutch, Immigration, Royal province, Commerce, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

New York City, colonial, 36

Niagara, Fort, 59

Nicaragua protectorate, 594

Non-intercourse act, 196f.

Non-importation, 84f., 99

North, Lord, 100, 131, 133

North Carolina: founded, 6
See also Royal province, Immigration, Suffrage, and Constitutions, state

North Dakota, admission, 442

Northwest Ordinance, 219

Nullification, 182, 251ff.


Oglethorpe, James, 3

Ohio, admission, 225

Oklahoma, admission, 443

Open door policy, 500

Oregon, 284f.

Ostend Manifesto, 486

Otis, James, 88, 95f.


Pacific, American influence, 447

Paine, Thomas, 103, 115, 175

Panama Canal, 508f.

Panics: 1837, 262
1857, 336
1873, 464
1893, 465

Parcel post, 529

Parker, A.B., 527

Parties: rise of, 168f.
Federalists, 169f.
Anti-Federalists (Jeffersonian Republicans), 169f.
Democrats, 260
Whigs, 260f.
Republicans, 334f.
Liberal Republicans, 420
Constitutional union, 340
minor parties, 462f.

Paterson, William, 196f.

Penn, William, 6

Pennsylvania: founded, 6
See also Penn, Germans, Immigration, Industry, Revolutionary War, Constitutions, state, Suffrage

Pennsylvania University, 45

Pensions, soldiers and sailors, 413, 607
mothers’, 551

Pequots, 57

Perry, O.H., 200

Pershing, General, 610

Philadelphia, 36, 116

Philippines, 492f., 516f., 592

Phillips, Wendell, 320

Pierce, Franklin, 295, 330

Pike, Z., 193, 287

Pilgrims, 4

Pinckney, Charles, 148

Pitt, William, 61, 79, 87, 132

Planting system, 22., 25, 149, 389, 393ff.

Plymouth, 4, 21

Polk, J.K., 265, 285f.

Polygamy, 290.

Populist party, 464

Porto Rico, 515, 592

Postal savings bank, 529

Preble, Commodore, 196

Press. See Newspapers

Primary, direct, 541

Princeton, battle, 129
University, 45

Profit sharing, 572

Progressive party, 531

Prohibition, 591

Proprietary colonies, 3, 6

Provinces, royal, 49f.

Public service, 538f.

Pulaski, 121

Pullman strike, 465

Pure food act, 523

Puritans, 3, 7, 40f.


Quakers, 6ff.

Quartering act, 83

Quebec act, 94

Queen Anne’s War, 59

Quit rents, 21


Radicals, 579

Railways, 298, 402, 425, 460ff., 547, 621

Randolph, Edmund, 146, 147, 162

Ratification, of Constitution, 156f.

Recall, 543

Reclamation, 523f.

Reconstruction, 370f.

Referendum, the, 543

Reign of terror, 174

Republicans: Jeffersonian, 179
rise of present party, 334f.
supremacy of, 412f.
See also McKinley, Roosevelt, and Taft

Resumption, 454

Revolution: American, 99f.
French, 171f.
Russian, 619

Rhode Island: founded, 4ff.
self-government, 49
See also Suffrage

Roosevelt, Theodore, 492, 500ff., 531, 570

Royal province, 49f.

Russia, 205, 207, 355, 479, 619

Russo-Japanese War, 511


Saint Mihiel, 612

Samoa, 481

San Jacinto, 280

Santa Fé trail, 287

Santo Domingo, 480, 513, 592

Saratoga, battle, 116, 130

Savannah, 116, 131

Scandinavians, 278

Schools. See Education

Scott, General, 283, 330

Scotch-Irish, 7ff.

Seamen’s act, 590

Sea power: American Revolution, 118
Napoleonic wars, 193f.
Civil War, 353
Caribbean, 593
Pacific, 447
World War, 610f.

Secession, 344f.

Sedition: act of 1798, 180f., 187
of 1918, 608

Senators, popular election, 527, 541ff.

Seven Years’ War, 60f.

Sevier, John, 218

Seward, W.H., 322, 342

Shafter, General, 492

Shays’s rebellion, 142

Sherman, General, 361

Sherman: anti-trust law, 461
silver act, 458

Shiloh, 361

Shipping. See Commerce

Shipping act, 607

Silver, free, 455f.

Slavery: colonial, 16.
trade, 150
in Northwest, 219
decline in North, 316.
growth in South, 320f.
and the Constitution, 324
and territories, 325f.
compromises, 350
abolished, 357f.

Smith, Joseph, 290

Socialism, 577f.

Solid South, 388

Solomon, Hayn, 126

Sons of liberty, 82

South: economic and political views, 309f.
See also Slavery and Planting system, and Reconstruction

South Carolina: founded, 6
nullification, 253f.
See also Constitutions, state, Suffrage, Slavery, and Secession

South Dakota, 442

Spain: and Revolution, 130
Louisiana, 190
Monroe Doctrine, 205
Spanish War, 490f.

Spoils system, 244, 250, 418, 536ff.

Stamp act, 82f.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady, 564

States: disorders under Articles of Confederation, 141
constitutions, federal limits on, 155
position after Civil War, 366f.
See also Suffrage, Nullification, and Secession

Steamboat, 234

Stowe, H.B., 332

Strikes: of 1877, 581
Pullman, 581
coal, 526
See also Labor

Submarine campaign, 600f.

Suffrage: colonial, 42, 51
first state constitutions, 239
White manhood, 242
Negro, 374f., 385.
Woman, 110, 562ff.

Sugar act, 81

Sumner, Charles, 319

Sumter, Fort, 350

Swedes, 3, 13


Taft, W.H., 527f.

Tammany Hall, 306, 418

Taney, Chief Justice, 357

Tariff: first, 167
of 1816, 203
development of, 251f.
abominations, 249, 253
nullification, 251
of 1842, 264
Southern views of, 309f.
of 1857, 337
Civil War, 367
Wilson bill, 459
McKinley bill, 422
Dingley bill, 472
Payne-Aldrich, 528
Underwood, 588

Taxation: and representation, 149
and Constitution, 154
Civil War, 353
and wealth, 522, 551
and World War, 606

Tea act, 88

Tea party, 92

Tenement house reform, 549

Tennessee, 28, 224

Territories, Northwest, 219
South of the Ohio, 219
See also Slavery and Compromise

Texas, 278f.

Tippecanoe, battle, 198

Tocqueville, 267

Toleration, religious, 42

Tories, colonial, 84
in Revolution, 112

Townshend acts, 80, 87

Trade, colonial, 70
legislation, 70 See Commerce

Transylvania company, 28

Treasury, independent, 263

Treaties, of 1763, 61
alliance with France, 177
of 1783 with England, 134
Jay, 177, 218
Louisiana purchase, 191.
of 1815, 201
Ashburton, 265
of 1848 with Mexico, 283
Washington with England, 481
with Spain, 492
Versailles (1919), 612f.

Trenton, battle, 116

Trollope, Mrs., 268

Trusts, 405f., 461, 472ff., 521, 526, 530

Tweed, W.M., 418

Tyler, President, 264f., 281, 349


“Uncle Tom’s Cabin,” 332

Union party, 365

Unions. See Labor

Utah, 290f., 329, 442

Utilities, municipal, 548


Vallandigham, 360

Valley Forge, 116, 129

Van Buren, Martin, 262

Venango, Fort, 59

Venezuela, 482f., 512

Vermont, 223

Vicksburg, 361

Virginia: founded, 6
See also Royal province, Constitutions, state, Planting system, Slavery, Secession, and Immigration


Walpole, Sir Robert, 66

Wars: colonial, 57f.
Revolutionary, 99f.
of 1812, 199f.
Mexican, 282f.
Civil, 344f.
Spanish, 490f.
World, 596f.

Washington: warns French, 60
in French war, 63
commander-in-chief, 101f.
and movement for Constitution, 142f.
as President, 166f.
Farewell Address, 178

Washington City, 166

Washington State, 442

Webster, 256, 265, 328

Welfare work, 573

Whigs: English, 78
colonial, 83
rise of party, 260f., 334, 340

Whisky Rebellion, 171

White Camelia, 382

White Plains, battle, 114

Whitman, Marcus, 284

William and Mary College, 45

Williams, Roger, 5, 42

Wilmot Proviso, 326

Wilson, James, 147

Wilson, Woodrow, election, 533.
administrations, 588f.

Winthrop, John, 3

Wisconsin, admission, 274

Witchcraft, 41

Wollstonecraft, Mary, 556

Women: colonial, 28
Revolutionary War, 124
labor, 305
education and civil rights, 554f.
suffrage, 562f.

Workmen’s compensation, 549

Writs of assistance, 88

Wyoming, admission, 442


X, Y, Z affair, 180


Yale, 44

Young, Brigham, 290


Zenger, Peter, 48